Nerendra Modi’s refusal to speak to the separatists and his party’s anti-Muslim agenda fuel a vicious cycle of violence and retaliation
On Friday, the four-day-long military flare-up between Pakistan and India began winding down, with Islamabad handing back an Indian air force pilot taken captive by the Pakistan army two days earlier. He had been shot down in the first aerial fighter combat between the two South Asian enemies since a full-scale war in 1971.
Yet, forgotten in the Indian euphoria is the fact that Kashmir, where the deaths of 40 security men in a suicide bomb attack last month triggered this latest crisis, continues to simmer. Even as the pilot walked free, four policemen died in an encounter with Kashmiri militants.
The wider story in a crisis with such potential devastation, involving, as it does, nuclear powers, is that the Modi government has launched a nationwide anti-Muslim agenda that regards Muslims as unpatriotic, Pakistan as a cunning and implacable foe and Kashmiri separatists as its willing tools.
In the narrative of the ruling National Democratic Alliance, which Narendra Modi of the Hindu nationalist BJP has headed for almost five years, all violence in Kashmir is blamed on Pakistan. To be sure, Pakistan has inflamed the separatist movement with diplomatic and moral support, weapons, training and even jihadist fighters sent by the army to serve “tenures” in Kashmir.
Border areas
Yet the wellsprings of Kashmiri separatism are indigenous and sustained Indian mismanagement means Pakistan now needs to do little to keep Kashmir burning. Successive governments, including the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance that ran India from 2004 to 2014, are guilty of neglecting the province. However, Modi’s has made neglect into a strategy.
Advised by Ajit Doval, a former intelligence chief who is now national security adviser, Modi seeks to tire out the Kashmiri resistance. This involves refusing to acknowledge the political root of the Jammu and Kashmir problem, treating it instead as a mere security issue that is best managed by giving the security forces a free hand.
Kashmiri separatist leaders and the young people who come out on the streets at their behest are considered Muslim traitors, rather than the manifestation of a political problem that has to be discussed and resolved, not militarily crushed.
Modi’s hard line on Kashmir and Pakistan dovetails conveniently with the BJP’s “Hindutva” ideology, which rests on the notion of a Hindu culture and civilisation and, therefrom, a consolidated Hindu vote bank. Towns, villages and campuses across Kashmir simmer with resentment at Modi’s encouragement, or at least toleration, of a profoundly anti-Muslim agenda. Young Kashmiris point to militant gau raksha (cow protection), initiatives such as ghar wapsi (reconversion to Hinduism), regulations preventing Muslims from praying in public and the “love jihad” bogey that propagates a narrative of Muslim men feigning love to Hindu women to convert them to Islam.
There is an acute awareness of the discrimination faced by Kashmiri youth who seek work outside the state, such as difficulty in renting houses and even targeted violence after incidents such as the recent suicide attack. These anti-Muslim themes are reinforced by lack of economic opportunity and the absence of political engagement, which causes estranged young people to pick up the gun.
With little training or survival skills, these young militants quickly get killed by India’s well-drilled security forces, usually within 12 months of taking up arms. When security forces corner militants, locals who know them come out and pelt stones at the police and soldiers. The inevitable retaliation causes civilian deaths and the consequent funerals – of both militants and civilians – seethe with emotion, driving even more youths into the insurgency. This vicious cycle ensures that, even as large numbers of militants are killed, more and more replenish the ranks.
Unsurprisingly, this has led to steadily escalating levels of violence in the province of Jammu and Kashmir. India claims credit for “neutralising” 276 militants last year, more than double the 114 that were killed in 2014, the year it came to power. But the number of soldiers killed has more than doubled too – from 46 in 2014 to 95 last year. Worse, more security personnel have died in the first two months of this year than in all of 2014. Meanwhile, the number of civilians killed has tripled from 28 in 2014 to 86 last year.
Kashmiri despondency turned briefly into expectation after the 2014 state elections, when the ruling BJP, which won in Hindu-dominated Jammu, formed a coalition government with the ethnic-Kashmiri People’s Democratic party. Hope for a peace dialogue flared after the BJP-PDP manifesto promised to “facilitate and help initiate a sustained and meaningful dialogue with all internal stakeholders”.
Disappointingly, political dialogue, which would have acted as a safety valve, never began. Young Kashmiris point out that three Indian prime ministers held face-to-face negotiations with leaders of the separatist Naga insurgency, which has consequently stabilised. However, not one top Indian leader has talked to Kashmiri separatists, even though the conflict there has been far bloodier on both sides. The reason, it is commonly believed, is that Kashmiris are Muslims. In the politically conscious Kashmiri mind, this validates the “two-nation theory” that led to the creation of Pakistan, based on the apprehension that Muslims would be discriminated against in Hindu-majority India. Reinforcing this are the victimisation narratives of Palestine, Bosnia, Chechnya and others.
Ironically, New Delhi’s standing in Kashmir is at its lowest at a time when India’s profile is rising in the broader Islamic world. On Friday, the foreign minister, Sushma Swaraj, was a guest of honour at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation meeting in Abu Dhabi. She described India as a model of diversity that is home to the world’s third-largest Muslim population, their contentment evident, she said, from the fact that fewer than 100 had joined the Islamic State terrorist group.
Yet Kashmir remains a stain on India’s reputation that it must address. Initiating a political dialogue with multiple stakeholders in Kashmir – separatists as well as nationalists – would be a good way to start.
•Ajai Shukla is an expert in strategic affairs, defence and diplomacy, based in New Delhi. He is a former Indian army colonel
Un commento su “Kashmir is in a perilous state because of India’s pivot to nationalism | Ajai Shukla | Opinion | The Guardian”
The Kashmir Genocide
Y the evisceral hate of the Kashmiris by the Hindoos ? They are not Indians by DNA,Race or Religion. Is it the white skin complex or the fact that the ancestors of the Kashmiris pillaged Hindoosthan and also raped/ravished Hindoo women and destroyed Satanic Hindoo Temples and Idols ? dindooohindoo
What is wrong with destroying Hindoo Temples and Idols or bombing them ? It was done by Moses,Abraham,Jesus,John the Baptist ,Prophet of Islam,Gobind Singh etc.Ghazni and his tribes just followed the path of the prophets !
And what is wrong with raping Hindoo women (wives of Brahmins/ Banias etc.)? Hindoo Gods raped Hindoo women and wives of Brahmins all the time ! In reality – the Mughals fertilised the Indian race and created a new race – one which the Indians consider to be a martial hindoo race.
Y is there a lack of intellectual defense among Islamists of the so called ravishing of the Hindoo Frigid Vaginas by the Mongols, Afghans and Mughals ?
It is what they deserved ! The Hindoo Gods created Brahmins just to rape their wives ! The best practice model was that the Brahmin used to meditate in the forests and be celibates – inspite of having beautiful wives !
The vile of the Brahmin was that he used his wife as bait to tempt the Gods to rape his wife – and then cursed the Gods – with a pardon contingent upon on a boon of writing some scriptures and limited morrtality !
Is there more evil in this cosmos ? The Empirical and Theological proof is given below :
Sage Atri – As Shiva,Indra and Vishnu , “raped his wife Anasuya”
Sage Gautama – As Indra “raped his wife Ahilya”, by stealth he said the following from the Skanda PuranaV.iii.136.2-16
O beautiful la dy of uncensured features, resort to me, the king of Devas, “Sport about with me”.
What will you do with this Brahmana “who has become lean and emaciated”, due to his “over- zealousness for purity and conventional rites and austerities” and Vedic studies
Lord Rama’s father – His wife had “sex with a horse and 11 Brahmins”, to make Lord Rama
Lord Rama’s Story – “Vishnu raped Tulsi/Vrinda”, as her husband , was a Brahmin – then the “whore cursed Vishnu” to be “born as Rama” and have “his wife raped by Ravana” – all “due to the impotentica of 1 Brahmin”
What did the Aswins say before they raped the Brahmin Sukanya
Mahabharata 3.123
“O divinely beautiful damsel, do thou, forsaking Chyavana accept one of us for husband. It behoveth thee not to spend thy youth fruitlessly…”
Ved Vyas ,who wrote the Mahabharata, was the “bastard son”, of Rishi Parashar and Satyawa
As per the Harivamsa Purana,Sage Vashishtha’s daughter , Shatrupa had sexual relations with Daddy Cool
It is the cosmic wheel of providence as nothing can happen which Allah does not will
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The Kashmir Genocide
Y the evisceral hate of the Kashmiris by the Hindoos ? They are not Indians by DNA,Race or Religion. Is it the white skin complex or the fact that the ancestors of the Kashmiris pillaged Hindoosthan and also raped/ravished Hindoo women and destroyed Satanic Hindoo Temples and Idols ? dindooohindoo
What is wrong with destroying Hindoo Temples and Idols or bombing them ? It was done by Moses,Abraham,Jesus,John the Baptist ,Prophet of Islam,Gobind Singh etc.Ghazni and his tribes just followed the path of the prophets !
And what is wrong with raping Hindoo women (wives of Brahmins/ Banias etc.)? Hindoo Gods raped Hindoo women and wives of Brahmins all the time ! In reality – the Mughals fertilised the Indian race and created a new race – one which the Indians consider to be a martial hindoo race.
Y is there a lack of intellectual defense among Islamists of the so called ravishing of the Hindoo Frigid Vaginas by the Mongols, Afghans and Mughals ?
It is what they deserved ! The Hindoo Gods created Brahmins just to rape their wives ! The best practice model was that the Brahmin used to meditate in the forests and be celibates – inspite of having beautiful wives !
The vile of the Brahmin was that he used his wife as bait to tempt the Gods to rape his wife – and then cursed the Gods – with a pardon contingent upon on a boon of writing some scriptures and limited morrtality !
Is there more evil in this cosmos ? The Empirical and Theological proof is given below :
Sage Atri – As Shiva,Indra and Vishnu , “raped his wife Anasuya”
Sage Gautama – As Indra “raped his wife Ahilya”, by stealth he said the following from the Skanda PuranaV.iii.136.2-16
O beautiful la dy of uncensured features, resort to me, the king of Devas, “Sport about with me”.
What will you do with this Brahmana “who has become lean and emaciated”, due to his “over- zealousness for purity and conventional rites and austerities” and Vedic studies
Lord Rama’s father – His wife had “sex with a horse and 11 Brahmins”, to make Lord Rama
Lord Rama’s Story – “Vishnu raped Tulsi/Vrinda”, as her husband , was a Brahmin – then the “whore cursed Vishnu” to be “born as Rama” and have “his wife raped by Ravana” – all “due to the impotentica of 1 Brahmin”
What did the Aswins say before they raped the Brahmin Sukanya
Mahabharata 3.123
“O divinely beautiful damsel, do thou, forsaking Chyavana accept one of us for husband. It behoveth thee not to spend thy youth fruitlessly…”
Ved Vyas ,who wrote the Mahabharata, was the “bastard son”, of Rishi Parashar and Satyawa
As per the Harivamsa Purana,Sage Vashishtha’s daughter , Shatrupa had sexual relations with Daddy Cool
It is the cosmic wheel of providence as nothing can happen which Allah does not will